Hyperthyroidism is a condition that occurs when the thyroid gland produces an excessive amount of the hormone called thyroxine. Hypothyroidism, on the other hand, is defined as the inability of the thyroid gland to produce the necessary amount of hormones for proper function. It slows down the metabolism and leads to weight gain. Symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, dry skin, swelling in the hands and face, feeling cold, concentration problems, forgetfulness, and can also include depression and sleep disorders.
Hyperthyroidism can generally occur due to three main reasons:
- Thyroiditis or inflammation of the thyroid gland
- A thyroid nodule producing too much T4 hormone
- An autoimmune disease known as Graves' disease
Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. In this condition, the body's immune system attacks itself, and over time, this attack stops the thyroid from producing hormones, leading to hypothyroidism. Like many autoimmune diseases, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is more common in women than in men.
Hypothyroidism can be diagnosed with a few blood tests, and patients can lead a normal life with appropriate hormone therapy, which may need to be continued for a lifetime when necessary.
Various treatment options are available for patients diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Anti-thyroid drugs and radioactive iodine are used to slow down the production of thyroid hormones. In some cases, surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland may be required to treat hyperthyroidism. When neglected, hyperthyroidism can lead to serious consequences, but it generally responds well to the treatments applied.
